/* Inflexion editorial template: Perspectives articles.
   Pairs with site.css (header, menu, footer). Layout: dark article header, overlapping feature photo,
   then a 12 column body with a sticky contents rail and a 680px reading column. */
:root{
  --ed-ink:#0A0A0B;--ed-ink-2:#151517;--ed-paper:#F5F3EF;--ed-paper-2:#EBE8E2;--ed-white:#FFFFFF;--ed-accent:#FF5A1F;--ed-accent-text:#C63E0C;
  --ed-on-ink:#F7F6F3;--ed-on-ink-2:rgba(247,246,243,.68);--ed-on-ink-3:rgba(247,246,243,.42);--ed-rule-ink:rgba(247,246,243,.13);
  --ed-text:#0A0A0B;--ed-text-2:rgba(10,10,11,.72);--ed-text-3:rgba(10,10,11,.48);--ed-rule:rgba(10,10,11,.12);
  --ed-sans:'Montserrat',system-ui,-apple-system,sans-serif;--ed-serif:'Source Serif 4',Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;--ed-mono:'IBM Plex Mono',ui-monospace,monospace;
  --ed-gutter:clamp(20px,5vw,64px);
  /* legacy variables used by inline article charts */
  --accent:#FF5A1F;--fg:#0A0A0B;--muted:rgba(10,10,11,.6);--border:rgba(10,10,11,.12);
}
*{box-sizing:border-box}
html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-padding-top:24px}
body.ed{margin:0;background:var(--ed-paper);color:var(--ed-text);font-family:var(--ed-sans);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
.ed a{color:inherit}
.ed-wrap{max-width:1280px;margin:0 auto;padding-left:max(var(--ed-gutter),env(safe-area-inset-left,0px));padding-right:max(var(--ed-gutter),env(safe-area-inset-right,0px))}
.ed-progress{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;height:3px;width:0;background:var(--ed-accent);z-index:60;transition:width .1s linear}

/* article header */
.ed-head{background:var(--ed-ink);color:var(--ed-on-ink);padding-block:clamp(48px,6vw,88px) clamp(48px,6vw,80px)}
.ed-crumb{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;font:500 13px/1 var(--ed-sans);color:var(--ed-on-ink-3)}
.ed-crumb a{color:var(--ed-on-ink-2);text-decoration:none}
.ed-crumb a:hover{color:var(--ed-on-ink)}
.ed-kicker{margin-top:40px;font:500 12px/1 var(--ed-mono);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ed-accent)}
.ed-head h1{margin:20px 0 0;max-width:22ch;font:300 clamp(36px,4.8vw,68px)/1.06 var(--ed-sans);letter-spacing:-.035em;text-wrap:balance}
.ed-dek{margin:28px 0 0;max-width:44ch;font:400 clamp(19px,1.6vw,23px)/1.5 var(--ed-serif);color:var(--ed-on-ink-2)}
.ed-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:10px 24px;margin-top:40px;padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid var(--ed-rule-ink);font:400 13px/1.2 var(--ed-mono);color:var(--ed-on-ink-3)}
.ed-meta b{font-weight:500;color:var(--ed-on-ink-2)}
.ed-share{margin-left:auto;background:none;border:1px solid var(--ed-rule-ink);color:var(--ed-on-ink);border-radius:999px;padding:9px 14px;font:500 13px/1 var(--ed-sans);cursor:pointer}
.ed-share:hover{border-color:var(--ed-on-ink-2)}

/* feature photo */
.ed-photo{margin:0;background:linear-gradient(var(--ed-ink) 0 50%,var(--ed-paper) 50% 100%)}
.ed-photo img{display:block;width:100%;max-width:100%;aspect-ratio:21/9;object-fit:cover;border-radius:24px;background:var(--ed-ink-2)}

/* body grid */
.ed-body{padding-block:clamp(56px,7vw,96px) clamp(64px,8vw,112px)}
.ed-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));gap:24px}
.ed-toc{grid-column:1/4;align-self:start;position:sticky;top:32px}
.ed-toc small{display:block;font:500 11px/1 var(--ed-mono);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ed-text-3);margin-bottom:18px}
.ed-toc ol{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:2px;border-left:1px solid var(--ed-rule)}
.ed-toc a{display:block;padding:8px 0 8px 16px;margin-left:-1px;border-left:2px solid transparent;font:400 14px/1.4 var(--ed-sans);color:var(--ed-text-2);text-decoration:none}
.ed-toc a:hover{color:var(--ed-text)}
.ed-toc a.on{color:var(--ed-text);border-left-color:var(--ed-accent);font-weight:500}
.ed-article{grid-column:4/11;min-width:0;width:100%;max-width:680px;counter-reset:sec}

/* reading typography */
.ed-article > *{margin-top:0}
.ed-article p,.ed-article li{font:400 19px/1.72 var(--ed-serif);color:var(--ed-text-2)}
.ed-article p{margin:0 0 1.15em}
.ed-article p.lead,.ed-article .lead{font:400 clamp(21px,1.8vw,24px)/1.55 var(--ed-serif);color:var(--ed-text);margin-bottom:1.4em;padding:0;border:0;background:none}
.ed-article strong{font-weight:600;color:var(--ed-text)}
.ed-article a{color:var(--ed-accent-text);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:rgba(198,62,12,.35);text-underline-offset:3px}
.ed-article a:hover{text-decoration-color:var(--ed-accent-text)}
.ed-article h2{counter-increment:sec;margin:2.2em 0 .7em;font:300 clamp(26px,2.4vw,34px)/1.2 var(--ed-sans);letter-spacing:-.025em;color:var(--ed-text);text-wrap:balance;scroll-margin-top:24px}
.ed-article h2::before{content:counter(sec,decimal-leading-zero);display:block;margin-bottom:14px;font:500 12px/1 var(--ed-mono);letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--ed-accent)}
.ed-article h3{margin:1.8em 0 .5em;font:500 20px/1.35 var(--ed-sans);letter-spacing:-.01em;color:var(--ed-text)}
.ed-article h4{margin:1.5em 0 .4em;font:500 16px/1.4 var(--ed-sans);color:var(--ed-text)}
.ed-article ul,.ed-article ol{margin:0 0 1.3em;padding-left:1.2em}
.ed-article li{margin-bottom:.45em;padding-left:.2em}
.ed-article li::marker{color:var(--ed-accent);font-family:var(--ed-mono);font-size:.8em}
.ed-article blockquote{margin:2em 0;padding:0 0 0 28px;border-left:2px solid var(--ed-accent);background:none}
.ed-article blockquote p{font:300 clamp(22px,2vw,27px)/1.4 var(--ed-sans);letter-spacing:-.015em;color:var(--ed-text)}
.ed-article hr,.ed-article .editorial-rule,.ed-article .rule{border:0;height:1px;background:var(--ed-rule);margin:2.4em 0}
.ed-article .editorial-rule:not(:empty){height:auto;background:none;margin:2em 0;padding:4px 0 4px 24px;border-left:2px solid var(--ed-accent);font:400 19px/1.55 var(--ed-sans);color:var(--ed-text)}
.ed-article .editorial-rule:not(:empty) strong{display:block;margin-bottom:6px}
.ed-article code{font:500 .82em/1 var(--ed-mono);background:var(--ed-paper-2);padding:3px 6px;border-radius:6px;color:var(--ed-text);word-break:break-word}
.ed-article .callout{margin:2em 0;padding:24px 26px;background:var(--ed-white);border-radius:16px;border:0}

/* tables */
.ed-table{margin:2em 0;overflow-x:auto;background:var(--ed-white);border-radius:16px;padding:8px 22px}
.ed-article table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width:520px}
.ed-article th{text-align:left;font:500 11px/1.3 var(--ed-mono);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ed-text-3);padding:16px 16px 12px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ed-rule)}
.ed-article td{font:400 15px/1.5 var(--ed-sans);color:var(--ed-text-2);padding:14px 16px 14px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ed-rule);vertical-align:top}
.ed-article tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0}
.ed-article td:first-child{font-weight:500;color:var(--ed-text)}

/* data blocks carried over from the original articles */
.ed-article .editorial-stat,.ed-article .evidence-box{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;gap:8px 28px;align-items:center;margin:2.2em 0;padding:28px;background:var(--ed-ink);color:var(--ed-on-ink);border-radius:20px;border:0}
.ed-article .editorial-stat .value,.ed-article .evidence-number{font:300 clamp(48px,5vw,64px)/.95 var(--ed-sans);letter-spacing:-.04em;color:var(--ed-accent)}
.ed-article .editorial-stat .caption,.ed-article .evidence-text{font:400 15px/1.55 var(--ed-sans);color:var(--ed-on-ink-2)}
.ed-article .evidence-label{font:500 11px/1.4 var(--ed-mono);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ed-on-ink-3)}
.ed-article .decision-list{margin:2em 0;background:var(--ed-white);border-radius:16px;padding:6px 24px;border:0}
.ed-article .decision-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:150px 1fr;gap:22px;padding:18px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ed-rule)}
.ed-article .decision-row:last-child{border-bottom:0}
.ed-article .decision-row strong{font:500 11px/1.4 var(--ed-mono);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ed-accent-text)}
.ed-article .decision-row span{font:400 15px/1.55 var(--ed-sans);color:var(--ed-text-2)}
.ed-article .chart-wrapper{margin:2.2em 0;padding:24px;background:var(--ed-white);border-radius:20px;overflow:visible}
.ed-article .chart-figure{margin:0}
.ed-article .chart-title{display:block;margin-bottom:16px;font:500 11px/1.4 var(--ed-mono);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ed-accent-text)}
.ed-article .chart-svg{width:100%;max-width:560px;height:auto;display:block;margin:0 auto;overflow:visible}
.ed-article .chart-source{margin-top:12px;font:400 11px/1.4 var(--ed-mono);color:var(--ed-text-3)}
.ed:not(.ed-feature) .ed-article .bar-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(120px,200px) 1fr 52px;gap:14px;align-items:center;margin-bottom:12px;font:400 13px/1.3 var(--ed-sans)}
.ed:not(.ed-feature) .ed-article .bar-label{color:var(--ed-text);font-weight:500}
.ed:not(.ed-feature) .ed-article .bar-track{height:12px;background:var(--ed-paper);border-radius:999px;overflow:hidden}
.ed:not(.ed-feature) .ed-article .bar-fill{height:100%;border-radius:999px;background:var(--ed-accent)}
.ed:not(.ed-feature) .ed-article .bar-value{text-align:right;font:500 12px/1 var(--ed-mono);color:var(--ed-text)}

/* sources */
.ed-sources{margin-top:3.2em;padding-top:28px;border-top:1px solid var(--ed-rule)}
.ed-sources small{display:block;font:500 11px/1 var(--ed-mono);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ed-text-3);margin-bottom:16px}
.ed-sources p,.ed-sources li{font:400 14px/1.65 var(--ed-sans)!important;color:var(--ed-text-2)!important}

/* byline and CTA */
.ed-by{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px;margin-top:48px;padding:22px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--ed-rule);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ed-rule)}
.ed-by span{width:44px;height:44px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--ed-ink);display:grid;place-items:center;flex:none}
.ed-by span i{width:10px;height:10px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--ed-accent)}
.ed-by p{margin:0!important;font:400 14px/1.5 var(--ed-sans)!important;color:var(--ed-text-2)!important}
.ed-by b{display:block;font-weight:500;color:var(--ed-text)}
.ed-cta{background:var(--ed-ink);color:var(--ed-on-ink);padding-block:clamp(64px,8vw,112px)}
.ed-cta .ed-grid{align-items:end}
.ed-cta h2{grid-column:1/8;margin:0;max-width:16ch;font:300 clamp(30px,3.6vw,50px)/1.08 var(--ed-sans);letter-spacing:-.03em;text-wrap:balance}
.ed-cta .side{grid-column:9/13;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:22px}
.ed-cta .side p{margin:0;font:300 17px/1.55 var(--ed-sans);color:var(--ed-on-ink-2)}
.ed-cta .row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px}
.ed-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;height:50px;padding:0 24px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--ed-accent);color:var(--ed-ink);font:500 15px/1 var(--ed-sans);text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}
.ed-btn.ghost{background:none;border:1px solid var(--ed-rule-ink);color:var(--ed-on-ink)}

/* related */
.ed-related{padding-block:clamp(64px,8vw,104px);background:var(--ed-paper)}
.ed-related-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:24px}
.ed-related h2{margin:0;font:300 clamp(28px,3vw,42px)/1.1 var(--ed-sans);letter-spacing:-.03em}
.ed-related-head a{font:500 14px/1 var(--ed-sans);text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}
.ed-cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:24px;margin-top:40px}
.ed-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:14px;text-decoration:none;min-width:0}
.ed-card .ph{aspect-ratio:4/3;max-width:100%;border-radius:18px;overflow:hidden;background:var(--ed-ink-2)}
.ed-card img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;display:block;transition:transform .5s}
.ed-card .mt{font:400 12px/1 var(--ed-mono);letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ed-text-3)}
.ed-card .mt b{font-weight:400;color:var(--ed-accent-text);margin-right:10px}
.ed-card h3{margin:0;font:400 20px/1.3 var(--ed-sans);letter-spacing:-.01em;color:var(--ed-text)}
.ed-card:hover h3{color:var(--ed-accent-text)}
.ed-card:hover img{transform:scale(1.03)}
.ed :focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--ed-accent);outline-offset:3px}

@media (max-width:1000px){
  .ed-toc{display:none}
  .ed-article{grid-column:1/13;margin:0 auto}
  .ed-cta h2,.ed-cta .side{grid-column:1/13}
  .ed-cards{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}
  .ed-cards .ed-card:nth-child(3){display:none}
}
@media (max-width:640px){
  .ed-photo img{aspect-ratio:4/3;border-radius:16px}
  .ed-article p,.ed-article li{font-size:18px}
  .ed-share{margin-left:0}
  .ed-article .editorial-stat,.ed-article .evidence-box{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .ed-article .decision-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:6px}
  .ed:not(.ed-feature) .ed-article .bar-row{grid-template-columns:1fr 44px}
  .ed:not(.ed-feature) .ed-article .bar-track{grid-column:1/3;grid-row:2}
  .ed-cards{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .ed-cards .ed-card:nth-child(3){display:flex}
  .ed-related-head{flex-direction:column;align-items:start}
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.ed-card img{transition:none}.ed-progress{transition:none}}
.ed-article pre{margin:2em 0;padding:20px 22px;background:var(--ed-ink);color:var(--ed-on-ink);border-radius:16px;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%}
.ed-article pre code{background:none;padding:0;color:inherit;font:400 13px/1.6 var(--ed-mono);white-space:pre;word-break:normal}

/* long form features: wider column and shared data components */
.ed-feature .ed-article{grid-column:4/13;max-width:840px}
.ed-article blockquote cite{display:block;margin-top:12px;font:500 11px/1.4 var(--ed-mono);font-style:normal;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ed-text-3)}
.ed-figure{margin:2.4em 0}
.ed-figure img{display:block;width:100%;max-width:100%;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover;border-radius:20px}
.ed-article .stat-row{display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(180px,1fr))!important;gap:12px!important;margin:2em 0!important;border:0!important;background:none!important}
.ed-article .stat-card{background:var(--ed-white)!important;border:0!important;border-radius:16px!important;padding:22px!important;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;color:var(--ed-text)!important}
.ed-article .stat-card .v{font:300 clamp(36px,3.4vw,48px)/1 var(--ed-sans)!important;letter-spacing:-.04em!important;color:var(--ed-accent)!important}
.ed-article .stat-card .l{font:400 14px/1.45 var(--ed-sans)!important;color:var(--ed-text)!important;text-transform:none!important;letter-spacing:0!important}
.ed-article .stat-card .s{font:400 11px/1.3 var(--ed-mono)!important;color:var(--ed-text-3)!important;text-transform:none!important}
.ed-article .diagram-box{margin:2.2em 0!important;padding:26px!important;background:var(--ed-ink)!important;color:var(--ed-on-ink)!important;border-radius:20px!important;border:0!important}
.ed-article .d-title{font:500 11px/1.4 var(--ed-mono)!important;letter-spacing:.08em!important;text-transform:uppercase!important;color:var(--ed-accent)!important;margin-bottom:18px!important}
.ed-article .flow{display:flex!important;flex-wrap:wrap!important;align-items:center!important;gap:10px 8px!important}
.ed-article .flow-item{font:400 13px/1.2 var(--ed-sans)!important;color:var(--ed-on-ink)!important;border:1px solid var(--ed-rule-ink)!important;background:transparent!important;border-radius:999px!important;padding:10px 14px!important}
.ed-article .flow-item.accent{border-color:var(--ed-accent)!important;color:var(--ed-accent)!important}
.ed-article .flow-arrow{color:var(--ed-accent)!important;font-size:14px!important}
.ed-article .flow-caption{flex-basis:100%;margin-top:14px;font:400 14px/1.5 var(--ed-sans)!important;color:var(--ed-on-ink-2)!important}
.ed-article .evidence-box:has(.num){display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr}
.ed-article .evidence-box .num{font:300 clamp(40px,4vw,56px)/1 var(--ed-sans);letter-spacing:-.04em;color:var(--ed-accent)}
.ed-article .evidence-box .cont{font:400 15px/1.55 var(--ed-sans);color:var(--ed-on-ink-2)}
.ed-article .evidence-box .lbl,.ed-article .evidence-box .src{font:500 11px/1.4 var(--ed-mono);letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ed-on-ink-3)}
.ed-article .chart-section{margin:2.2em 0;padding:26px;background:var(--ed-white);border-radius:20px}
.ed-article .chart-caption{font:400 15px/1.55 var(--ed-sans)!important;color:var(--ed-text-2)!important}
.ed-article .chart-note{font:400 11px/1.4 var(--ed-mono)!important;color:var(--ed-text-3)!important;margin-top:14px}
.ed-article .chart-section .chart-wrapper{padding:0;margin:16px 0 0;background:none}
.ed-article canvas{max-width:100%;height:auto}
.ed-article .feat-grid{display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(220px,1fr))!important;gap:12px!important;margin:2em 0!important}
.ed-article .feat-card{background:var(--ed-white)!important;border:0!important;border-radius:16px!important;padding:22px!important;color:var(--ed-text)!important}
.ed-article .feat-card *{color:inherit}
@media (max-width:1000px){.ed-feature .ed-article{grid-column:1/13;max-width:760px}}

.ed-article .ed-dark{margin:2em 0;padding:26px;background:var(--ed-ink);color:var(--ed-on-ink);border-radius:20px}
.ed-article .why-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:170px 1fr;gap:20px;padding:16px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ed-rule)}
.ed-article .why-row .hd{font:500 15px/1.4 var(--ed-sans);color:var(--ed-text)}
.ed-article .why-row .bd{font:400 15px/1.55 var(--ed-sans);color:var(--ed-text-2)}
.ed-feature .ed-article .bars{margin:1.6em 0;padding:24px;background:var(--ed-white);border-radius:16px;display:grid;gap:12px}
@media (max-width:640px){.ed-article .why-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:6px}}
.ed-article .big-stat{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;gap:8px 28px;align-items:center;margin:2em 0;padding:28px;background:var(--ed-ink);border-radius:20px}
.ed-article .big-stat .v{font:300 clamp(48px,5vw,64px)/.95 var(--ed-sans);letter-spacing:-.04em;color:var(--ed-accent)}
.ed-article .big-stat .c{font:400 15px/1.55 var(--ed-sans);color:var(--ed-on-ink-2)!important}
.ed-article .big-stat .c strong{color:var(--ed-on-ink)}
.ed-article .value-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:24px}
.ed-article .value-grid > div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px}
.ed-article .value-grid > div > div:first-child{font:500 12px/1 var(--ed-mono);color:var(--ed-accent)}
.ed-article .value-grid > div > div:nth-child(2){font:500 18px/1.3 var(--ed-sans);color:var(--ed-on-ink)}
.ed-article .value-grid > div > div:nth-child(3){font:400 14px/1.5 var(--ed-sans);color:var(--ed-on-ink-2)}
.ed-article .gates{margin:2em 0;padding:20px;background:var(--ed-white);border-radius:20px;overflow:hidden}
.ed-article .pair-t{background:rgba(247,246,243,.08)}
@media (max-width:640px){.ed-article .value-grid,.ed-article .big-stat{grid-template-columns:1fr}}